Nootropics, commonly referred to as “smart drugs” or cognitive enhancers, are substances that improve cognitive function, particularly executive functions, memory, creativity, and motivation, in healthy individuals. The term was introduced in the 1970s by Dr. Corneliu E. Giurgea, who developed Piracetam, one of the earliest and most well-known nootropics. The word “nootropic” combines the Greek words “nous,” meaning mind, and “trepein,” meaning to bend or turn, indicating the ability of these substances to positively influence cognitive processes.

What Defines a Nootropic?

To be classified as a nootropic, a substance typically meets several criteria defined by Dr. Giurgea:

Enhancement of learning and memory: Nootropics should facilitate learning and improve memory.

Support for brain function under disruptive conditions: They should protect the brain against various types of harm, such as from toxins or physical injury.

Neuroprotective properties: Nootropics should safeguard the brain from physical and chemical damage.